June 2018 – Tech Blog of Edward

[Debug] Vagrant vm setup – 3

admin / 12 June, 2018

Problem The following lines are not fatal error but still needed to be solved

==> default: Unknown device: enp0s8. Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format
==> default: Unknown device: enp0s9. Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format
==> default: Unknown device: enp0s10. Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format
==> default: Unknown device: enp0s16. Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format

==> default: Unknown device: enp0s8. Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format

==> default: Unknown device: enp0s9. Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format

==> default: Unknown device: enp0s10. Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format

==> default: Unknown device: enp0s16. Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format

Approach 1. The network adapter is incorrectly assigned and I will match the device accordingly in the provision.sh Since we are able to ssh into the vagrant, we can check the interface mapping by

vagrant ssh
cat lua/if_map.lua

1 2	vagrant ssh cat lua/if_map.lua

The content of interface mapping file

return {
	["eth0"] = "0000:00:03.0",
	["eth1"] = "0000:00:08.0",
	["eth2"] = "0000:00:09.0",
	["eth3"] = "0000:00:0a.0",
	["eth4"] = "0000:00:10.0",
}

return {

["eth0"] = "0000:00:03.0",

["eth1"] = "0000:00:08.0",

["eth2"] = "0000:00:09.0",

["eth3"] = "0000:00:0a.0",

["eth4"] = "0000:00:10.0",

}

Which…

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Gatekeeper

[Debug] Vagrant vm setup – 2

admin / 12 June, 2018

Problem The memory allocation failed during the vagrant up –provision

==> default: virtual memory exhausted: Cannot allocate memory
==> default: make[3]: 
==> default: *** [virtio_net.o] Error 1
==> default: make[2]: *** [librte_vhost] Error 2
==> default: make[1]: *** [lib] Error 2
==> default: make: *** [all] Error 2
==> default: modprobe: FATAL: Module uio not found.
==> default: modprobe: FATAL: Module uio_pci_generic not found.
==> default: insmod: ERROR: could not insert module /home/vagrant/gatekeeper/dependencies/dpdk/build/kmod/igb_uio.ko: Unknown symbol in module

==> default: virtual memory exhausted: Cannot allocate memory

==> default: make[3]:

==> default: *** [virtio_net.o] Error 1

==> default: make[2]: *** [librte_vhost] Error 2

==> default: make[1]: *** [lib] Error 2

==> default: make: *** [all] Error 2

==> default: modprobe: FATAL: Module uio not found.

==> default: modprobe: FATAL: Module uio_pci_generic not found.

==> default: insmod: ERROR: could not insert module /home/vagrant/gatekeeper/dependencies/dpdk/build/kmod/igb_uio.ko: Unknown symbol in module

Approach 1. As we are using the cloud image from vagrant, the kernel contains the minimal dependencies, therefore, some modules required are missing. I will append the linux-generic to the provision.sh to ensure the modules uio and uio_pci_generic are corrected configured. Result: The following two lines are…

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Gatekeeper

[Debug] Vagrant vm setup – 1

admin / 12 June, 2018

Problem I’m trying to create the virtual machine using vagrant for the dpdk, however, the screen was freezing at this period of vagrant up

==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key

==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...

default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222

default: SSH username: vagrant

default: SSH auth method: private key

Approach 1. Making sure the conflicts is not caused by the conflicts of version between vagrant and virtual box. Result: I have downloaded the archive of both software and do a mix and match. However, the…

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C, Linux

[libressl] Generate RSA key

admin / 1 June, 2018

In the latest version of libressl, RSA_generate_key is deprecated, RSA_generate_key_ex should be implemented instead. Implementation (updated) Source file (test.c)

#include <openssl/rsa.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>

int main(){
	const int kBits = 2048;
	unsigned long e = RSA_F4;
	int keylen;
	char *pem_key;
	
	// BIGNUM PART
	BIGNUM* bignum = BN_new();
	if(BN_set_word(bignum, e))
		printf("[Debug] BIGNUM allocated!\n");
	else
		printf("[Debug] BIGNUM NOT allocated!\n");

	// RSA PART
	RSA *rsa = RSA_new();
	if(RSA_generate_key_ex(rsa, 2048, bignum, NULL))
		printf("[Debug] RSA allocated!\n");
	else
		printf("[Debug] RSA NOT allocated!\n");

	// BIO PART
	BIO *bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
	PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(bio, rsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);

	keylen = BIO_pending(bio);
	pem_key = calloc(keylen+1, 1); /* Null-terminate */
	BIO_read(bio, pem_key, keylen);

	// OUTPUT
	printf("%s", pem_key);

	// FREE THE MEMORY
	BIO_free_all(bio);
	RSA_free(rsa);
	BN_free(bignum);
	free(pem_key);
	return 0;
}

#include <openssl/rsa.h>

#include <openssl/pem.h>

int main(){

const int kBits = 2048;

unsigned long e = RSA_F4;

int keylen;

char *pem_key;

// BIGNUM PART

BIGNUM* bignum = BN_new();

if(BN_set_word(bignum, e))

printf("[Debug] BIGNUM allocated!\n");

else

printf("[Debug] BIGNUM NOT allocated!\n");

// RSA PART

RSA *rsa = RSA_new();

if(RSA_generate_key_ex(rsa, 2048, bignum, NULL))

printf("[Debug] RSA allocated!\n");

else

printf("[Debug] RSA NOT allocated!\n");

// BIO PART

BIO *bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());

PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(bio, rsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);

keylen = BIO_pending(bio);

pem_key = calloc(keylen+1, 1); /* Null-terminate */

BIO_read(bio, pem_key, keylen);

// OUTPUT

printf("%s", pem_key);

// FREE THE MEMORY

BIO_free_all(bio);

RSA_free(rsa);

BN_free(bignum);

free(pem_key);

return 0;

}

To compile and run the program, the library libcrypto should be imported

gcc test.c -lcrypto && ./a.out

1	gcc test.c -lcrypto && ./a.out

Expected output

[Debug] BIGNUM allocated!
[Debug] RSA allocated!
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

[Debug] BIGNUM allocated!

[Debug] RSA allocated!

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAw6QyusfybtOxUolVOgSqEEB2+Z673ivZohn2kWyw/W0jSxzR

drQuK+OXcQYMxft09LtYkqtnhf8cA/UoFhOg2edhfI21j7R+4WHadJeq+cFEBceY

x7+uiHh0ju/OX7vBoGg1BaiE6Hw/c6KI90HQpG4fEAIJ3qjAe4MAkBbbdmylN9mb

iSwQi5NgY9ves3gVl7ZSlwpFfq72gUPoQzQPF5cquYZohHbv4d8c0Jee+npi1pmM

eXZHUqLhkxR1DZpqDW2UI49y/DtDWzjeAnEGP22hEa7f53alFWpwAVvSs2iH7JqP

uN6+KI+0iVErH4pDAiF1H0SwV0W7YTQNzo147QIDAQABAoIBAQCTlSPnnrmVPQBB

APRXxfj8NYUKnOGfoXiVPfywi0uggVnkaaLhZt6FoTQ2wJeWKjB6BXG1grOfc2iQ

27kXnkry1gbGTKgv9brZDlYbKeaCbXaA3aa02DYzIJrc0K3freVMug91a0CHmGLN

OkkULIPV5nRsQP1tB+PbyGD+UR/Q3qatpWvmPYjDJwjVTg9iB24c5AqNDJlGbcFZ

OrtJC1ns2f/YpGZNooVyk/ULjCOgukYf3izmEVuxaDpZ86uGwAWiuwurZT0BjqAL

jIRNl6J4sk49OKiJx7VqnVSsPaHjiyPcWrgIhN+Zoy/nPqPmwkBmfjFqO62aAx09

Ba2NvLvBAoGBAOU56A8NYjtXARzdoXABNqIqYvcm61wt/XV+Tf2E9xOzbic6/uuK

gUHf18dqEH23FJFW9e1dkBWzWO9PdgCzGvmyec82WJRJMuFsgoHdAiKt3oca/OCN

2ZlgQqrWafNHfEIpVbqmyhizS2F5hnBcEw5NrN+APJYc7r91h20QJ1BFAoGBANp+

Eo6WcDlZJrZqolhTdZLt+Nr9/1/cEy0mkMYNMTD+tZEymEViDtm8wfqL20euWU2r

0WngNBs3pHEeaywa5B8y1p0n3koco5Cjkt6LDPAOg+6vymtK5/Uw7mY+P2EhJPTJ

5NuEKYDltnGu75z1/mcbDaHEXwZNw8LjHX0xd7SJAoGAYfO1s0Dv2hWatyAKDVen

ZfKg6aYq6vAIH/4CC7SW9Ec3afIu3q4IAANMLL2pIF9snZLAclcJ7AwAk/qrnS7r

9wmKPb6maW9CG8wHlMDBWdpcffVNXBOhiYX11xTan4fLlGYfaSw+rgFn09ZfWYIu

7mzI05Tzzt28M/pgDX3antUCgYEApR0c/PAnAs+id7wBz2nSsiRwKV5FPLXdMAOy

6FhT0kjKAV4QwG4n9te0Z5iFL5hMGGw9pxsthVv5QxrPttbjicgrczwLukoGOWnD

tbWzIz506U2jVI2Y2SwPHOjxkH8xpGNmNZWcn7H4u9SNczpa9KP3G0aA4QynYYGs

aU2WvrECgYAWVONkYjYUc1EChoEK/VK9QGUTQUrb+IDAzQF/GmwONmOnWz1SW4iF

OxkePdHnA/TPwLBp/78yUHwuJHnHawgOo9XR3aDz15h318kZtv2/BygHMVX8XZbS

vlI7wPlyxRvmMhxgBxqmqQQCRVvyRXLEirg91fqPkECCnx9mT/cPHw==

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

Implementation (deprecated) Source file (test.c)

#include <openssl/rsa.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>

int main(){
	const int kBits = 1024;
	const int kExp = 3;

	int keylen;
	char *pem_key;

	RSA *rsa = RSA_generate_key(kBits, kExp, 0, 0);

	/* To get the C-string PEM form: */
	BIO *bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
	PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(bio, rsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);

	keylen = BIO_pending(bio);
	pem_key = calloc(keylen+1, 1); /* Null-terminate */
	BIO_read(bio, pem_key, keylen);

	printf("%s", pem_key);

	BIO_free_all(bio);
	RSA_free(rsa);
	free(pem_key);
	return 0;
}

#include <openssl/rsa.h>

#include <openssl/pem.h>

int main(){

const int kBits = 1024;

const int kExp = 3;

int keylen;

char *pem_key;

RSA *rsa = RSA_generate_key(kBits, kExp, 0, 0);

/* To get the C-string PEM form: */

BIO *bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());

PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(bio, rsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);

keylen = BIO_pending(bio);

pem_key = calloc(keylen+1, 1); /* Null-terminate */

BIO_read(bio, pem_key, keylen);

printf("%s", pem_key);

BIO_free_all(bio);

RSA_free(rsa);

free(pem_key);

return 0;

}